Optimizing physical activity during physical education is necessary for children to achieve daily physical activity recommendations. These results provide evidence that mortality risk reductions associated with MVPA are independent of how activity is accumulated and can impact the development of physical activity guidelines and inform clinical practice. The examination of jointly classified quartiles of total MVPA and tertiles of proportion of bouted activity revealed that greater amounts of bouted MVPA did not result in additional risk reductions for mortality. Hazard ratios for all-cause mortality associated with total and bouted MVPA were similar and ranged from 0.24 for the third quartile of total to 0.44 for the second quartile of 10-minute bouts. Bouted MVPA was defined as MVPA accumulated in bouts of a minimum duration of either 5 or 10 minutes allowing for 1- to 2-minute interruptions. Physical activity data were processed to generate minutes per day of total and bouted MVPA.
We analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003-2006 and death records available through 2011 (follow-up period of ≈6.6 years 700 deaths) to examine the associations between objectively measured physical activity accumulated with and without a bout criteria and all-cause mortality in a representative sample of US adults 40 years and older (n=4840). To what extent the same amount of MVPA accumulated in bouts versus sporadically reduces mortality risk remains unclear. The 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans recommends that adults accumulate moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in bouts of ≥10 minutes for substantial health benefits. Thus, children with intellectual disabilities can be independent and participate in society. The model for implementing inclusive education developed not only focuses on developing the life skills of individuals with intellectual disabilities, but also strengthening and developing the surrounding environment and society. Both of barriers can be reduced by organizing inclusive education for persons with intellectual disabilities. The results show that social exclusion occurs because of cultural barriers due to stigma, labeling, prejudice, stereotypes, and structural barriers due to discriminatory policies. Data collection is done through in-depth interviews and textual analysis.
This study used a single instrumental case study approach and was carried out in DKI Jakarta. As a region that has local regulations on the protection of persons with disabilities, DKI Jakarta government has not yet been able to ensure the fulfillment of the education rights of children with intellectual disabilities. This study aims to develop a model for the implementation of inclusive education for people with intellectual disabilities in DKI Jakarta. Artinya, model blended learning berbasis schoology dapat memelihara motivational climate untuk mahasiswa-atlet dalam berbagai kondisi dan jenis latar belakang. Motivasi intrinsik masuk dalam kategori baik (47.3), ekstrinsik masuk dalam kategori baik (67.1), dan motivasi total masuk dalam kategori baik (114.4). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa syarat validitas pengukuran kualitas model berdasarkan utility, feasibility, accuracy, dan propriety telah terpenuhi dengan nilai rata-rata indeks CVR sebesar 0.98 dan nilai kualitas sebesar 92% (baik sekali). Data motivasi dianalisis menggunakan deskriptif statistik, t-test, dan One-Way Anova. Content validity ratio (CVR) dan persentase digunakan untuk menganalisis kualitas model. Sedangkan motivasi diukur menggunakan angket untuk mengungkap motivasi intrinsik dan ekstrinsik. Kualitas model diukur menggunakan angket untuk mengungkap utility, feasibility, accuracy, dan propriety. Empat universitas bersedia menjadi tempat diseminasi dengan jumlah mahasiswa-atlet yang terlibat sebanyak 59 orang (39 laki-laki dan 20 perempuan).
Penelitian deskriptif ini bertujuan mengevaluasi penerapan blended learning berbasis schoology berdasarkan kualitas model dan motivasi belajar mahasiswa-atlet dalam kegiatan diseminasi produk penelitian dan pengembangan.
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